The goal of this study is to identify the costs andeffectiveness of artemisinin + doxycycline and quinine +doxycycline combinations in hospital based falciparum malariatreatment to select the more cost-effective drug regimen forfalcipacum malaria treatment at district hospital level. Two drug regimen (groups with 131 falciparum inpatientswere treated and followed up for 28 days in Lamha districthospital, Lamdong province in Vietnam. Among them, 66 patientswere treated by artemisinin (Art) dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 5days in combination with doxycycline (Dox) dose of 2 mg/kg/dayfor 5 days. 65 patients were treated by quinine (Qui) dose of 30mg/kg/day for 5 days in combination with doxycycline dose of 2mg/kg/day for 5 days. Average provider costs per malaria patient in vivo test 28days observation period were 232,381 VN dong (USD22.1) in the Art+ Dox drug group and 231,089 VN dong (USD22.0) in the Qui + Doxdrug group. Average costs incurred by patient were 246,352 VNdong (USD23.4) in the Art + Dox drug group and 252,019 VN dong($24.0) in the Qui + Dox drug group. The effectiveness of the Art + Dox drug regimen was 95.45%significantly higher than 83.08% in the Qui + Dox drug regimenwith p<0.05. The cost-effectiveness ratio to provider in the Art-Doxdrug regimen was 160,682 VN dong (USD15.9) lower than 170,343 VNdong (USD16.2) in the Qui + Dox drug regimen. And thecost-effectiveness ratio to patient in the Art + Dox group was180,799 VN dong (USD17-2) also lower than 197,174 VN dong(USD18.8) in the Qui + Dox group. The study suggested that the Art + Dox drug regimen wasmore costs-effective for both of provider and patientperspectives. It should be chosen for treatment of resistantfalciparum malaria at district hospital level and if artemisininis available, it should be used in community hospital under thecontrol of the national malarial control programme.