Rail transport has a great effect on Australian economy by supplying passenger, freight and heavy haul services. Various aspects of interaction between wheel and rails are still unknown. To assure safety and integrity and reduce the maintenance costs in railroads around the world, rails are tested regularly for surface and internal defects. Absence of sufficient control and regular rail inspection would result in severe damages such as derailments, death, injury, costs and loss of public confidence. Combining eddy current sensing devices and visual inspection systems with ultrasonic examining procedures into a statistical model, if applied properly for the purpose of improving reliability of inspection, is then could be utilized for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the maintenance. A concise review of common surface rail defects and regular NDE techniques are presented. In this paper a conceptual model for pre and post grinding inspection is proposed for enhancing reliability of detection.