Stone-roofing has a great history which spans many millennia BC which witnessed a lot of development to roofing systems and geometry regarding the area and type of building demands. Therefore, this paper discusses this structural element, presents its history and development as well as highlighting the famous achievements in constructional systems. Also, the study focuses on vault roofs, studies their behaviour as well as the main problems and failures which lead to many types of collapse they had. The structural study intersects with a theoretical review for the conservation achievements and techniques applied to the stone vaults as well as the modern techniques after introducing the computer programs and laboratory experiments to this field. Finally, the study will classify some new techniques which can be applied in order to get rid of common structural problems in stone vaults.