This thesis is dedicated to the study of the existence of homogeneous Einstein metrics on the total space of homogeneous fibrations such that the fibers are totally geodesic manifolds. We obtain the Ricci curvature of an invariant metric with totally geodesic fibers and some necessary conditions for the existence of Einstein metrics with totally geodesic fibers in terms of Casimir operators. Some particular cases are studied, for instance, for normal base or fiber, symmetric fiber, Einstein base or fiber, for which the Einstein equations are manageable. We investigate the existence of such Einstein metrics for invariant bisymmetric fibrations of maximal rank, i.e., when both the base and the fiber are symmetric spaces and the base is an isotropy irreducible space of maximal rank. We find this way new Einstein metrics. For such spaces we describe explicitly the isotropy representation in terms subsets of roots and compute the eigenvalues of the Casimir operators of the fiber along the horizontal direction. Results for compact simply connected 4-symmetric spaces of maximal rank follow from this. Also, new invariant Einstein metrics are found on Kowalski n-symmetric spaces.