| ชื่อเรื่อง | : | Aeration of irrigation water for improvements in pineapple crop health and yield |
| นักวิจัย | : | Bhattarai, Surya Prasad. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Midmore, David J. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Dhungel, Jay. , Centre for Plant and Water Science |
| คำค้น | : | Pineapple /oxygation /yield /fruit quality /water use efficiency/Phytophthora |
| หน่วยงาน | : | Central Queensland University, Australia |
| ผู้ร่วมงาน | : | - |
| ปีพิมพ์ | : | 2554 |
| อ้างอิง | : | http://hdl.cqu.edu.au/10018/918443 , acquire3-20120124-21085 , cqu:8352 |
| ที่มา | : | - |
| ความเชี่ยวชาญ | : | - |
| ความสัมพันธ์ | : | - |
| ขอบเขตของเนื้อหา | : | - |
| บทคัดย่อ/คำอธิบาย | : | Oxygation, the use of aerated irrigation water with sub-surface drip irrigation, has been documented to benefit growth of a range of crops, particularly on heavier soils. This is because even under normal irrigations, roots can suffer due to a lack of soil oxygen. In the current exercise, the technology was applied to pineapple (Ananas comosus) on loamy sand at Yeppoon, Australia, and on a heavier soil in the screen house. In the field three treatments, irrigation with and without oxygation (12% air by volume of water), and a non-irrigated control were evaluated in a main and ratoon crop over a three years period and were evaluated. The crop was planted on 24 October 2007, and oxygation treatment commenced 139 days after transplanting (DAT), and continued until harvest. At each crop harvest, two sampling areas each of 4 m linear row length comprising 16 bordered plants were identified. The diurnal measurement of carbon assimilation and soil respiration, and destructive plant sampling for dry matter accumulation and partitioning was carried out on 22 Nov 2008 (392 DAT ) and 15 January 2010 (713 DAT). The effects of treatments were evaluated on a number of plant growth, development, yield and quality parameters as well as their effects on suppression of phytophthora, one of the major diseases affecting pineapple industries in QLD. In the screen house oxygation was compared to no-oxygation. The trial seasons were rather wetter than average year, and in crop total rainfall contribution was recorded at 4250 mm (42.5 ML), requiring a relatively small amount for irrigation (2.405 and 2.524 ML for control and oxygation respectively), therefore supplementary irrigation contributed only 5.5% of total crop water input. In spite of the unusually wet seasons, the response to supplementary irrigation with and without aerated water was very positive as measured on a number of growth, development, yield and quality parameters. The same was so in the screen house trial, for growth since fruiting was not uniform. The total and marketable fruit yield of pineapple increased with oxygation and control drip irrigation compared to the no-irrigation treatment. Use of aerated water for drip irrigation increased the marketable fruit yield (73.25 t/ha) by 11% whereas drip irrigated control recorded an increase in yield (69.2 t/ha) by 6% to compared to the no-irrigation (65.9 t/ha), treatment. The effects on total yield (both marketable and unmarketable) was significantly greater due to oxygation (133.7 t/ha), compared to control (106.4 t/ha), and no-irrigation (90.4 t/ha). Such higher yield due to oxygation was attributed to larger area and weight per leaf, greater plant height, higher specific leaf area, chlorophyll content and light interception by the canopy compared to the control and no-irrigation treatment. The greater leaf photosynthetic rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency was recorded for the oxygation compared to the control and no-irrigation treatments. Carbon assimilation (i.e., photosynthesis) was not noted during the day, but only in the early morning, evening and night. Aerated water irrigation also reduced crop phytophthora infestation in the field from 11 % in the non-irrigated control to 3%, whereas 5% infestation was noted for control drip irrigation. Use of aerated drip irrigation demonstrated multiple benefits on yield, quality and crop disease management and has been found beneficial for industry wide adoption. There was no visual effect of oxygation on visual incidence of Phytophthora in the screen house. Estimated yield increment of 7.5 ton/ha/crop with oxygation over the average industry yield of 65.9 ton/ha without irrigation brings an additional return of AU$3750/ha in the first crop at the sale value of $500/ton of fruits. The current installation cost of subsurface drip with oxygation for pineapple is AU $6000. Hence, the repayment period for the investment to oxygated subsurface drip irrigation is two crop cycles (6 years). This infrastructure lasts for 15 years, which will bring five cycles of the crop (3 year per crop cycle) with potential additional returns of $18750/ha over the period of 15 years (the normal life of subsurface drip irrigation system). These comparative estimates have been based on the crop with no-irrigation, particularly in the high rainfall years. The crop performance under drier years with no-irrigation are expected to be much less and under such circumstances the SDI offers tremendous opportunities for delivering the strategic irrigation that can be crucial in saving the crop from failures. We conclude that oxygation can improve both yield and quality of ratoon pineapple at the industry scale of operation. |
| บรรณานุกรม | : |
Bhattarai, Surya Prasad. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Midmore, David J. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Dhungel, Jay. , Centre for Plant and Water Science . (2554). Aeration of irrigation water for improvements in pineapple crop health and yield.
กรุงเทพมหานคร : Central Queensland University, Australia. Bhattarai, Surya Prasad. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Midmore, David J. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Dhungel, Jay. , Centre for Plant and Water Science . 2554. "Aeration of irrigation water for improvements in pineapple crop health and yield".
กรุงเทพมหานคร : Central Queensland University, Australia. Bhattarai, Surya Prasad. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Midmore, David J. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Dhungel, Jay. , Centre for Plant and Water Science . "Aeration of irrigation water for improvements in pineapple crop health and yield."
กรุงเทพมหานคร : Central Queensland University, Australia, 2554. Print. Bhattarai, Surya Prasad. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Midmore, David J. , Centre for Plant and Water Science , Dhungel, Jay. , Centre for Plant and Water Science . Aeration of irrigation water for improvements in pineapple crop health and yield. กรุงเทพมหานคร : Central Queensland University, Australia; 2554.
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