Melomys cervinipes Gould is one of four melomys species native to Australia. There have been no systematic surveys of parasite distribution and prevalence, or parasite community structure, for any species of Melomys. We present a comprehensive summary of the parasites of M. cervinipes by location in Queensland and northern New South Wales from published records, examination of museum specimens and data from an intensive sampling of hosts from four localities within Central Queensland. An updated list prepared on the basis of these data and other published records is included. New host records include one cestode (Raillietina celebensis), one trematode (Platynosomum australiense) and 21 nematodes. Trichostrongyloid nematodes (Odilia spp.) were the dominant helminth group, with Odilia melomyus (Mawson, 1960) and O. Mackerrasae (Mawson, 1960) being the core components of the helminth community. The structues of this community, with endemic and cosmopolitan elements, appears to have developed through both coevolution of hosts and parasites and host-switching vents. Multidimensional scaling analysis of parasites from four central Queensland localities uggests considerable differences in community composition on a relatively small spatial scale. An island locality had a significantly different community structure and greater species diversity than nearby mainland sites. These results emphasise the importance of comparative studies of parasites among localities, and especially between island and mailand communities.