The foreseen extinction of the ever-exhausting petrochemical reserves is posing energy and environmental treats to the global society at large. Parts of the resolutions to confront these challenges may include reduction in both civil and industrial consumptions, concurrently with effective natural resource management. In the technological paradigm, this translates into the need for the developments of materials with controls of structures and resolute properties for such applications as biodegradability and energy harvesting. While syntheses and controls of structures at nanometer length scale are of palpable interest and are instantaneously called for, relevance of block copolymers has been propitious to academia and industry to a great extent. In this research project, block copolymer-based nanostructures will be synthesized, characterized and applied for biodegradable and energy-harvesting applications— tissue engineering hydrogels, fuel cell membranes and photovoltaic active layers. For the most part, copper-based Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization will be performed to generate block copolymers with varying chemical compositions, morphologies and sizes. The chemical compositions will be resolved using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Applying Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), the copolymers’ thermal properties can be determined. The block copolymers’ varying morphologies and sizes will be uncovered by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Interfacial and thin film properties will be divulged using Optical Microscope and Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM). As planned, the structure-property relationships regarding cell-material interactions, proton conducting and electro- and photo-chemistry of the copolymers will finally be disclosed.