Oil production from oil palm is adversely affected by drought and salt. Under drought and salt stress, proline content increases in oil palm; the mechanism for this is unknown. Here, an 8319-nucleotide sequence including cDNA, genomic DNA and the promoter region of proline transporter gene from oil palm Elaeis guineensis was determined. The transporter gene exhibited high similarity to Bet/ProT genes from several plants, but the highest homology was found with rice ProT1. The exon–intron structure of genomic DNA was unique, and numerous stress-response cis-elements were found in the promoter region. Expression of cDNA EgProT1 in Escherichia coli mutant exhibited uptake activities for glycinebetaine and choline as well as proline. Under salt-stressed conditions, exogenously applied glycinebetaine was taken up into the root more rapidly than the control. These data indicate that oil palm has a unique Pro/T1 gene. Nucleotide sequence data for the cDNA and genomic DNA of proline transporter gene from Elaeis guineensis are available in the DDJB database under accession numbers AB597035 and AB597036, respectively.