By precipitating a clustering effect and encouraging the establishment of links among firms and academic and research institutions (the so-called triple helix), science parks are expected to have both direct and indirect effects on promoting regional technological capacity. Based on a provincial-level panel dataset over the 1997–2009 period together with adopting patents as an indicator of innovative capacity, this study's empirical results show that science parks, in terms of various measures, indeed have a significantly positive impact on regional patenting. More importantly, science parks play a key role in coordinating research and development (R&D) collaboration across various R&D performers within the region and indirectly contribute to upgrading the regional technological ladder. Moreover, we find a positive innovation-enhancing effect brought about by R&D cooperation between industries and universities, rather than research institutes, highlighting both the importance and inherent problems of China's regional innovation systems.