โครงการนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบความสามารถในการแข่งขันด้านการส่งออก ระหว่างไทยและเวียดนาม โดยใช้วิธีการวิเคราะห์แบบ “ส่วนแบ่งตลาดคงที่” (Constant Market Share Analysis) การวิเคราะห์อัตราแลกเปลี่ยนที่แท้จริง (Real Exchange Rate) รวมทั้งการสัมภาษณ์ ผลการศึกษาพบว่าภาคการส่งออกของเวียดนามมีความสามารถในการแข่งขันในสัดส่วนที่สูง มีศักยภาพและโอกาสที่จะพัฒนาในหลายด้าน อย่างไรก็ตามเศรษฐกิจเวียดนามมีข้อจำกัดอยู่มาก เช่น ภาครัฐยังมีบทบาทมากในระบบเศรษฐกิจ ภาคเอกชนขาดแคลนเงินทุนและประสบการณ์บริหารธุรกิจสมัยใหม่ ผลการศึกษาที่ได้จะเป็นประโยชน์ในการศึกษาต่อยอดองค์ความรู้เกี่ยวกับเศรษฐกิจเวียดนามต่อไป At present, a progress development of Vietnamese economy has been expected that will be soon the same level as of Thailand because of a huge inflow of foreign direct investment, under the process of infrastructure improving, higher many export values, and a significant increase in per capita income. In regard to business environment, Vietnamese economy in macro level is still unable to compete with Thailand. But it has plenty capacities and opportunities to develop in several sectors in the future. The government is now promoting investment in high technology industries, and seeking in more value-added and benefits from ocean resources, such as fishery, sea transport, tourism, petroleum and natural gas. In fact, the government has played a major role in the economic development. Meanwhile the private sectors lack capitals, experiences of modern management, limitations of loan access. Therefore, the economy has relied mainly on foreign investors. And the government will play an important role for several years in the future since it has just allowed equity between private firms and state-owned enterprises. Many export products of Vietnam have higher competitiveness because the export values of those products have increased in higher rate than the world exports. In the meantime, some export products of Thailand have grown at lower rate than the world export, such as clothing, shoes, sugar, and meat. However, many Thai exports have expanded more than the world export, for example, plastic in primary forms, rubber tyres, textile yarn, electrical machineries and parts, motor vehicles and parts. Recently, with a continuation of depreciated dollars, both Thai and Vietnam exports have been growing slowly. Vietnam still has a more advantage from the bilateral trade agreement with the United States since 2001, and become the largest export market. From the authors’ point of view, there is an opportunity that Thailand and Vietnam might become economic partnership, especially in intermediate stream manufacturing sector, i.e., textile industry, agricultural product and food processing which Thai production meets the world standard. By contrast, Vietnam is just in the early stage of development in those industries, as indicated by low value-added products and low level of processing. The authors suggest that the Thai Government must have a strategic regional plan in trade and investment. In short term, it is a necessity for data collection and knowledge-based creation of neighboring countries. Our intention also includes appointing trade representatives with the purpose of the carrying out international trade negotiation in order to reduce trade and investment barriers and promote Thai investors abroad. Beside the mutual benefits from trade, this would create employment in those countries. Finally, the problem of illegal foreign labors in Thailand will be relieved in the long term. In long term, the Thai Government should have the direct organization which is responsible for coordinating among the involved organizations. It also has a duty regarding gathering data and evaluating obstructions and limitations of trade and investment between Thailand and other countries. In addition, this organization has to propose its opinion to the parliament as well as to provide information to the public. For further studies, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the promoted industries compared to tax revenues loss from the investment promotion measures. In addition, the government should survey business environment including problems and obstructions faced by Thai investors. The aim is to provide information for Thai investors and the public sector to improve Thailand’s trade and investment in the future