This study aimed to report antigen and haplotype frequencies (HFs) in the Thai Stem Cell Donor Registry (TSCDR). From 16,807 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, and -DR typed donors, 19 HLA-A, 41 HLA-B, and 13 HLA-DR antigens were found. HLA-A43, A80, B78, B82, B83, and DR18 were not observed. A total of 1921 haplotypes were estimated and 245 haplotypes were reliable and their cumulative HF was 75.74%. Similar to previous Thai subpopulation studies, the most common haplotypes were HLA-A33-B58-DR17 (4.54%), A2-B46-DR9 (4.11%), A33-B44-DR7 (2.85%), and A11-B75-DR12 (2.00%). To evaluate the probability in finding matched donors, from April 2002 to August 2008, 793 Thai patients were requested for unrelated stem cell donor searching. The number of patients with HLA-A, -B, -DR split matched donor found were 49%. Only 8% of the patients found matched donor within 1 month. However, high-resolution HLA-A, -B, -DR typing in TSCDR is suggested to accurately estimate HFs and evaluate the probability in finding a matched donor for patients in the future. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.