Chemical transformations catalyzed by immobilized biocatalysts have attracted lots of attention in industry because bioprocessing can be carried out under mild conditions. Immobilized biocatalysts have higher stability during reaction and can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture. In recent years, development in nanotechnology has opened new avenues for enzyme immobilization. The nanoscale biocatalysts have been applied in biosensor, fuel cell and biocatalysis. One of the major obstacles that hinder the application of immobilized biocatalysts is the low enzyme activity retention after immobilization. Common immobilization methods, including adsorption, covalent binding and entrapment, often cause enzyme leaching, enzyme 3D structure change and diffusion resistance. As a result, development of an efficient immobilization approach with high activity retention is of great interest to improve catalytic efficiency.