Genetic diversity of 66 wild accessions and 40 Wickham cultivated clonesof rubber tree (~iHevea brasiliehsis~i) were evaluated using microsatellite andSingle Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) markers. Twelve microsatelliteprimers which represented non-gene specific markers were tested in allaccessions. A total of 169 alleles were observed and ranged from 5 to 21 allelesin each primer. Seventeen gene-specific primers were designed on ~iHevea~inucleotide sequences from GenBank database and the PCR products were detectedusing SSCP analysis. A total of 113 bands were detected and ranged from 4 to 13bands in each primer. Pairwise comparison and cluster analysis among accessionswere carried out using UPGMA method and resulted dendrogram were constructed onthe basis of Dice and Jaccard similarity coefficient in microsatellite and SSCPanalysis, respectively. Using gene specific primers gave higher geneticsimilarity matrices (0.60 to 1.00) than microsatellites markers (0.18 to 0.88).The 'goodness of fit' of these clustering d endrograms were evaluated, and highvalue of cophenetic correlation coefficient in both maker systems weredemonstrated. Both clustering dendrograms clearly showed the lowest variabilityin cultivated clones according to their narrow genetic base and closely relatedto Mato Grosso accessions. The genetic diversity of wild accessions were clearlydiscriminated on the basis of geographical origin of the collection areas asAcre, Rondonia and Mato Grosso state. The utility of these two marker systems in all ~iHevea~i accessions weredetermined by evaluating Expected Heterozygosity (H(,n)) and the over all utilityof marker system or Marker Index (MI). Microsatellites demonstrated higher valueof both Expected Heterozygosity and Marker Index than SSCPs. Althoughmicrosatellite markers could detect higher polymorphism than SSCP markers inthis study, to ascertain the genetic diversity in these all accessions, highernumber of polymorphic sequence primers should be increased to investigatepolymorphism.