A number of advanced cement based materials were developed and their properties were investigated. Firstly, environmentally friendly lead free piezoelectric-cement composites of 0-3 and 1-3 connectivity were developed for use as sensors in smart concrete structures. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of these lead free composites were then investigated. These composites have better compatibility to concrete, the main structural material used, over other piezoelectric materials such as piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric polymer and polymer-based pieozoelectric composites. Barium titanate (BT) and barium zirconate titanate (BZT) cement composites of 0-3 and 1-3 connectivities were produced. A mixing and pressing method was used for the former and a diced and filled method was used for the latter connectivity. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was 10 pC/N for the 0-3 composite with 50% BT by volume. While 1-3 connectivity BT-cement composites at the same volume content of 50% BT, piezoelectric coefficient is 93 pC/N, and that of 70% composite is 128 pC/N. BZT-cement composites of 0-3 and 1-3 connectivity for 50% BZT volume content, the piezoelectric coefficient value is 14 pC/N and 95 pC/N respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that composites of 1-3 connectivity give higher results than those of 0-3 composites. Secondly, the development of advanced cement based materials for use as a biomaterial and preliminary investigation was carried out. It was found that cement pastes can exhibit hydroxyapatite formation within 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. In addition, Portland cement paste samples can achieve compressive strength more than 25 MPa within 24 hours after curing in water at body temperature of 37 °C.