Funded by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), the study focuses on the cost elements directly related to the transportation business processes (namely Business Operating Cost/ BOC), without those indirect, hidden, or being subsidized by other parties such as the government or the public (Non-business Operating Cost/ NOC). The objectives of the current research, therefore, are to identified the cost elements of both groups of transportation costs and construct a full-cost model in order to clarify the relative proportion and structure of the model’s elements, and finally review the current policies and measures related to logistics and transportation efficiency and identifiy, if there is any, the additional, essential strategic guidelines to complete those of the government’s being implemented. The transportation cost elements being investigated here are based on the semi-trailer truck transportation of goods in 2012 on the route of North–South Economic Corridor (NSEC), which starts at the beginning of R3A highway from Kunming of Soutern China, heading sounth to the RPP Laos and Bankok, and from Bangkok continues to Malaysia and finally Singapore (837/250/965/1,056/775/25km. accordingly). The full-cost model was developed based on the transportation costs and related primary and secondary data and statistics were gatered from both government and private sectors in all of 5 countries mentioned. From the structure of cost elements identified, the first component of the full transportation cost, or BOC, accounted for 85.64% or ฿22.16/km. This is consisted of 6 elements of fixed cost with 30.68 or ฿7.94/km. (Cost Element, %, ฿/km.:Truck Depreciation, 10.98, 2.84/ Insurance, 2.47, 0.64/ Truck Permission, 0.50, 0.13/ Driver, 11.83, 3.06/ General Supplies, 7.54, 1.95/ Gift&Bribe, 0.31, 0.08) and 5 elements of variable cost with 52.02 % or ฿13.46 /km. (Repair&Maintenace, 5.36, 1.93/ Fuel, 38.26, 9.90/ Tires, 5.26, 1.36/ Grease&Oil, 1.31, 0.34/ Goods Insurance, 1.82, 0.47) The other component, NOC, accounted for 14.36% หรือ ฿3.72 /km. and is comprised of 4 elements of fixed cost with 4.41 or ฿1.14/km. (Highway Construction , 4.30, 1.11/ Highway Lighting, 0.07, 0.02/ Traffic Planning , 0.05, 0.01/ Land , N.A.) and 4 elements of variable cost with 9.95 % or ฿2.57/km. (Highway Maintenance , 6.70, 1.73/ Traffic Services, 0.03, 0.01/ Accident Cost, 0.91, 0.24/ Environmental Cost, 2.31, 0.60). Finally, in order to enhance the country macro logistics and transportation efficiency objectives, both the country’s strategic policies and measures relevant to the logistics industry and the current study findings have been reviewed and collaborated, and, as a result, 2 groups of policy guidelines are therefore identified here, namely Rebalancing Transportation Mode and Initiating in R&D for Sustainable & Contiuous Knowledge, in addition to those either already in the government’s strategic plans or in the process of implementation, which can be grouped as Enhancing the Existing Networks, Completing the Incomplete Networks, Improving Border Procedure, Providing More Transportation Modes and Deloping Other Related Components.