The effect of chilling injury (CI) on the cell wall metabolism was investigated in stored‘Rongrien’rambutans (Nephelium lappaceum L.) . CI was observed only in the skin of the fruits stored at 8°C. Cellulose accounted for approximately 80% of the composition of the skin cell wall and for about 60% of that of the pulp. Skin firmness decreased with the number of days in storage (DIS) at 8°C and was lower than at 13°C. Cellulose concentration in the skin at 8°C was higher than that at 13°C. The inconsistent relationship between the skin firmness and cellulose concentration implies that if the cellulose concentration remained at a certain minimum level, it may not influence the firmness. This concentration may exceed 27 g⋅kg^-1 FW. In contrast, the concentrations of sodium hexametaphosphate-soluble pectic substances (HMP) in the skin at 8°C were lower than those at 13°C and decreased with DIS. These results suggest that HMP concentrations may influence the skin firmness of fruits where CI was observed. Cellulose concentration in the pulp was about 3 g⋅kg^-1 FW at both 8°C and 13°C, and was high compared with that of other components. Although the HMP concentrations in the pulp were lower at 8°C than at 13°C, no significant differences in firmness were observed. Cellulose concentration may strongly influence pulp firmness, in contrast, to the skin.