The relationship between economic growth and poverty has been discussed for several decades, has remained much debate whether the growth allows a better, neutral, or unequal distribution. Obviously, the value of the growth brought to this question depends on many grounds, including its environmental impacts; its effects on tradition and cultures. We consider here that the question of poverty is a more specific than general question of the income distribution. Particularly, in the case of Thailand, the incidence of absolute poverty fell dramatically but relative inequality increased. However, certain signs show that the recent tendencies of the growth would be “lessreduced poverty”, and of the income distribution would be more uneven than in the past. Therefore, the poverty cannot be analyzed apart from the economic framework and of the social organization. In addition, it cannot be understood like the phenomenon identical to the others independently from the social contexts. This paper investigates the cross section distribution to see how the welfare of Thai households have evolved over time by exposing the great evolutions of the distribution of income and having characterized poverty in Thailand and we will propose to connect the elements of poverty analysis, income distribution and social contexts to explore how economic growth change in Thailand affects the poor during the last four decades.