A case - control study of the effectiveness of BCC vaccination in children has been conducted in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang Indonesia. 131 cases of childhood tuberculsis and 409 controls, aged 14 years of less were included in the study. The findings showed that BCC vaccination was not effective in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis. The protective effect was 15 percent. The odds ratio was 0.85 (95% Confidence Limits 0.51 - 1.44). The association between BCC vaccinaton and pulmonary tuberculosis was not significant (P=0.6129). Although BCC vaccination may not prevent pulmonary tuberculosis, there was evidence that BCC vaccination had a high protective effect in preventing severe tuberculosis. The crude odds ratio of BCC vaccination for severe tuberculosis was 0.18 (95% Confidence Limits 0.08 - 0.42). The protrective effect was 82 percent. Stratified analysis, controlling for age, decreased the odds ratio to 0.17 (95% Confidence Limits 0.09 - 0.31). If only tuberculous meningitis cases were analized, the odds ratio was 0.06 per cent (95% Confidence Limits 0.01 - 0.34). The protective effect was 94 percent. The association between BCC vaccination and tuberculous meningitis was statistically significant (p=0.00004). Although BCC vaccination can not prevent pulmonary tuberculosis, it is still needed to give BCC vaccination in children in order to prevent severe tuberculosis which causes many deaths and disabilities in children.