Fishing countries all over the world accelerated aquaculture development to compensate the reduction in capture which was due to fishery resource degradation. In ASEAN production share from aquaculture was nearly half of total aquatic production. Share of production from aquaculture was greater than half in many ASEAN countries. In Thailand capture from the wild had been decreasing but aquaculture share was still less than half of the total aquatic production. Shrimp farming was the only main aquaculture in Thailand, mainly whiteleg shrimp, which could not be over six hundred thousand ton annually. Nearly half of aquaculture production was whiteleg shrimp. Freshwater aquaculture was mainly run by small scale farmers thus was difficult for the development. Thai fish farmers were skillful but one of the constraint was high and increasing feed cost. According to interview with the farmers in studied farming areas among the 12 selected species, shrimp farming was the most profitable followed by silver barb, oyster, green mussel, catfish, and cockle culture while the returns were still low for gourami and striped catfish culture. For brackish water cage culture, the most profitable was grouper culture followed by barramundi culture while tilapia freshwater cage culture was not very profitable. Thai fish farmers’ capacity could be considered better than those in other ASEAN countries. ASEAN Economic Community would enhance the culture area, especially for shrimp farming. Nevertheless increasing yields from other aquaculture should not be neglected. Aquaculture development should be considered for tilapia, catfish, silver barb and freshwater prawn. Striped catfish culture should be sanitized while snakeskin gourami culture for export to ASEAN should be developed. Department of Fisheries had been working on modern deep sea barramundi culture nevertheless the production should not lead to adverse impact on small farmers. Grouper hatcheries should be further developed to keep up with neighboring countries since there would be an export opportunity. Problems on degraded bivalve culture area should be taken care of, To develop aquaculture in Thailand farmer group should be organized to exchange the knowhow, skill and information to increase yields including processing to enhance farmers’ capacity as well as ability in negotiation with the traders for lower cost and better farm price thus lessen culture cost and increasing return and incentives for the farmers, including access to capital fund. Government could provide research and development as well as training and information dissemination in culture technique, marketing and price to small scale farmers for sustainable development with lower production cost. There should be marketing research for appropriate production development plan. Research and promotion on farmer organization should be developed. There should be precise development policy on selected species and culture areas. Rules and regulation should be applied targeting at quality products for export expansion as well as protection on domestic fish farmers.