Several cores from Krishna-Godavari (Western Bay of Bengal) and Goa (India) (Eastern Arabian Sea) basins have been studied for pore water sulfate concentrations in order to understand and contrast the diagenetic processes. K-G sediments differ markedly from Goa sediments in pore water sulfate gradients and depth-integrated sulfate reduction rates. Significantly higher sulfate reduction rates in K-G sediments (3.6 to 15.8 nmol cm sup(-2) day sup(-1)), compared to that in Goa sediments (0.011 to 0.94 nmol cm sup(-2) day sup(-1)), can be attributed to higher sedimentation rates. Lower exposure time to oxygen for the organic matter in K-G sediments has preserved reactive organic compounds required for sulfate reducers and possibly methanogens. Authigenic carbonates with depleted carbon isotopic composition (Delta sup(13) C = - 48 to - 50 %) at the base of the sulfate reduction zone in a core from K -G suggests anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) process. The possibility. that the underlying methane gas hydrate zone is acting as a methane source for sulfate reduction can not be negated specially in light of the existing geophysical studies. Both methane and the fermentation products of organic matter degradation served as a substrate for sulfate reduction. However, a clear understanding of there relative importance needs further investigation.