This main objective of this research was to study factors affecting the role performance in administration, service and academy of chiefs of health centers in the central region according to the decade of health center development project B.E.2535-2544. Four major categories of factors were chosen for the study: population characteristics, working experiences, working factors and working incentives. 340 mail questionaires were sent to chiefs of health centers in the central region. There were 303 completed questionnaires (90.59 percent) returned for statistical analysis. It was found that the majority of chiefs of health centers (96.8%) performed their roles within high level. The relationship between 5 elected factors and the role performance of the health centers chief, showed a significant correlation between the administration aspect, overall incentives, working in relationship, achievement and recognition (P < 0.05). The service aspect was also found to have a significant correlation with district level supervision, co-ordinstion, working in relationship, achievement and recognition. Regarding the academy aspect, relationship with coordination, working in relationship, achievement and recognition was significant (P < 0.05). The critical problem affecting the role performance was the shortage of staff and resources. With respect to the result of a multi-variate regression analysis, it was discovered that achievement/recognition and working in relationship and co-ordination were the most reliable, with a predictive capacity of 17.13 percent. Then, the equation for predicting the health center chiefs role performance would be 110.4141 + 1.9140 (achievement and recognition) + 0.8232 (working in relationship) + 4.9407 (co-ordination). It is recommended that health administrator should provide incentives in term of achievement and recognition, working in relationship furthur studies, supervision, co-ordination, manage resource and well faires for health personnel.